微量(liang)氧(yang)(yang)剖析儀用(yong)處及原(yuan)理：微量(liang)氧(yang)(yang)剖析儀主(zhu)要用(yong)于(yu)工業在(zai)線、實驗室(shi)以(yi)及瓶裝(zhuang)(zhuang)高(gao)純(chun)N2、Ar、He、Ne和混合(he)氣(qi)(qi)體中(zhong)的(de)微量(liang)氧(yang)(yang)、痕量(liang)氧(yang)(yang)的(de)迅速(su)(su)檢查(cha)，適(shi)用(yong)于(yu)空分設備和各(ge)氣(qi)(qi)體分裝(zhuang)(zhuang)廠高(gao)純(chun)氣(qi)(qi)體中(zhong)微量(liang)氧(yang)(yang)的(de)檢查(cha);一起也適(shi)用(yong)于(yu)石油化工、冶(ye)金(jin)等行業的(de)高(gao)純(chun)技術性(xing)氣(qi)(qi)體、保護性(xing)氣(qi)(qi)體中(zhong)微量(liang)氧(yang)(yang)的(de)迅速(su)(su)檢查(cha)。特別是關于(yu)含氧(yang)(yang)量(liang)<1 PPMv的(de)鋼瓶氣(qi)(qi)樣、迅速(su)(su)、簡潔(jie)。

　　微(wei)(wei)量(liang)氧剖(pou)析(xi)儀分(fen)為(wei)兩種剖(pou)析(xi)原理：別離為(wei)燃料電池法(fa)微(wei)(wei)量(liang)氧剖(pou)析(xi)儀和氧化(hua)鋯(gao)微(wei)(wei)量(liang)氧剖(pou)析(xi)儀

　　微量氧剖析儀的原理介紹(shao)：

　　1、羅(luo)卓尼克對燃料電池法(fa)微(wei)量氧剖(pou)析儀的(de)解析

　　微量氧剖析儀(燃料(liao)電(dian)池電(dian)化學法)

　　選用密封的(de)燃料池氧(yang)傳(chuan)感器是當前的(de)測氧(yang)辦法之一。燃料池羅卓尼克(ke)氧(yang)傳(chuan)感器是由高活性的(de)氧(yang)電(dian)極(ji)(ji)和鉛(qian)電(dian)極(ji)(ji)構成(cheng)，浸沒在(zai)(zai)KOH的(de)溶液中。在(zai)(zai)陰(yin)極(ji)(ji)氧(yang)被復原成(cheng)氫氧(yang)根(gen)離子，而在(zai)(zai)陽極(ji)(ji)鉛(qian)被氧(yang)化。

　　溶(rong)(rong)液與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)外界有一層高(gao)分(fen)子薄(bo)膜(mo)離隔(ge)，樣(yang)(yang)(yang)氣(qi)(qi)不直(zhi)接(jie)進(jin)入(ru)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)，因而(er)(er)溶(rong)(rong)液與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)不需定(ding)(ding)時清潔。樣(yang)(yang)(yang)氣(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)氧分(fen)子經過高(gao)分(fen)子薄(bo)膜(mo)分(fen)散(san)到氧電(dian)(dian)極(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)進(jin)行(xing)電(dian)(dian)化學(xue)反響，電(dian)(dian)化學(xue)反響中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)發(fa)作的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流決定(ding)(ding)于分(fen)散(san)到氧電(dian)(dian)極(ji)的(de)(de)氧分(fen)子數，而(er)(er)氧的(de)(de)分(fen)散(san)速(su)率又正(zheng)比(bi)于樣(yang)(yang)(yang)氣(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)氧含(han)量(liang)，該維薩拉傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)輸(shu)出(chu)信號巨細只與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)氣(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)氧含(han)量(liang)有關，而(er)(er)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)經過傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)體總量(liang)無關。經過外部(bu)電(dian)(dian)路的(de)(de)銜接(jie)，反響中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)荷轉移即電(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)巨細與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)參與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)反響的(de)(de)氧成正(zheng)比(bi)例聯系。選(xuan)用此辦法進(jin)行(xing)測(ce)氧，能(neng)夠不受被(bei)測(ce)氣(qi)(qi)體中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)復(fu)原性氣(qi)(qi)體的(de)(de)影(ying)響，免去了很(hen)多的(de)(de)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)氣(qi)(qi)處理體系。它比(bi)舊式(shi)“金網-鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)”原電(dian)(dian)池測(ce)氧迅速(su)，不需求(qiu)綿長的(de)(de)開機吹除進(jin)程，“金網-鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)”原電(dian)(dian)池樣(yang)(yang)(yang)氣(qi)(qi)直(zhi)接(jie)進(jin)入(ru)溶(rong)(rong)液中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，致使儀器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)保護量(liang)很(hen)大，而(er)(er)燃(ran)料電(dian)(dian)池法樣(yang)(yang)(yang)氣(qi)(qi)不直(zhi)接(jie)進(jin)入(ru)溶(rong)(rong)液中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)能(neng)夠安穩牢(lao)靠的(de)(de)工作很(hen)長時間。燃(ran)料電(dian)(dian)池氧傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)是(shi)徹底免保護的(de)(de)。但是(shi)在使用進(jin)程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，需求(qiu)經常校準，現(xian)在市面上的(de)(de)燃(ran)料電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)化學(xue)氧傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)以英國CITY的(de)(de)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)比(bi)較安穩。

　　2、徽(hui)科特(te)氧化(hua)鋯(gao)微量(liang)氧剖析儀

　　微(wei)量氧(yang)(yang)剖析(xi)儀(氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)鋯(gao)法(fa))：氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)鋯(gao)傳(chuan)(chuan)感器的(de)(de)(de)構件是(shi)(shi)(shi)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)鋯(gao)固體(ti)(ti)(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解質(zhi)(zhi)，氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)鋯(gao)固體(ti)(ti)(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解質(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)由(you)多(duo)元(yuan)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)物(wu)(wu)構成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)。常用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)這類電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解質(zhi)(zhi)有(you)ZrO2·Y2O3，它由(you)二(er)元(yuan)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)物(wu)(wu)構成(cheng)，ZrO2稱為(wei)(wei)基(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)，Y2O3稱為(wei)(wei)安(an)穩(wen)(wen)劑。ZrO2在(zai)常溫(wen)下(xia)是(shi)(shi)(shi)單斜晶體(ti)(ti)(ti)，在(zai)高溫(wen)下(xia)它變成(cheng)立方(fang)晶體(ti)(ti)(ti)(螢石型)，但當它冷(leng)卻(que)后(hou)又變為(wei)(wei)單斜晶體(ti)(ti)(ti)，因(yin)而純氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)鋯(gao)的(de)(de)(de)晶型是(shi)(shi)(shi)不安(an)穩(wen)(wen)的(de)(de)(de)。所以(yi)當在(zai)ZrO2中摻人(ren)定量的(de)(de)(de)安(an)穩(wen)(wen)劑Y2O3時，因(yin)為(wei)(wei)Y置換(huan)了(le)(le)Zr的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)位，一(yi)方(fang)面(mian)在(zai)晶體(ti)(ti)(ti)中留下(xia)了(le)(le)氧(yang)(yang)離(li)子(zi)空穴，另一(yi)方(fang)面(mian)因(yin)為(wei)(wei)晶體(ti)(ti)(ti)內部應力改變的(de)(de)(de)原因(yin)，該晶體(ti)(ti)(ti)冷(leng)卻(que)后(hou)仍保留立方(fang)晶體(ti)(ti)(ti)，因(yin)而又稱它為(wei)(wei)安(an)穩(wen)(wen)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)鋯(gao)。據上(shang)(shang)剖析(xi)，安(an)穩(wen)(wen)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)鋯(gao)在(zai)高溫(wen)下(xia)(650℃以(yi)上(shang)(shang))是(shi)(shi)(shi)氧(yang)(yang)離(li)子(zi)的(de)(de)(de)導(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)。在(zai)上(shang)(shang)述電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)中，Pt表明(ming)兩(liang)個(ge)鉑電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極，它是(shi)(shi)(shi)涂制(zhi)在(zai)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)鋯(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)頭，兩(liang)種氧(yang)(yang)分壓為(wei)(wei)P''O2和(he)P'O2的(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)別離(li)經過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)頭。作為(wei)(wei)氧(yang)(yang)傳(chuan)(chuan)感器，其(qi)間(jian)P''O2是(shi)(shi)(shi)參比氣(qi)，例(li)如通人(ren)空氣(qi)(20.6%O2)，P'O2是(shi)(shi)(shi)待測氣(qi)，例(li)如通入煙氣(qi)。在(zai)高溫(wen)下(xia)，因(yin)為(wei)(wei)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)鋯(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解質(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)杰(jie)出的(de)(de)(de)氧(yang)(yang)離(li)子(zi)導(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)，上(shang)(shang)述電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)個(ge)典(dian)型的(de)(de)(de)氧(yang)(yang)濃差電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)。

　　在高溫(wen)下(650---850℃)，氧(yang)(yang)(yang)就會從分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)壓(ya)大的(de)P''O2一(yi)側向分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)壓(ya)小(xiao)的(de)P'O2側分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)散(san)，這種(zhong)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)散(san)，不是(shi)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)透(tou)過氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)鋯從P''O2側到(dao)P'O2側，而是(shi)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)離解(jie)成(cheng)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)離子(zi)(zi)(zi)后，經(jing)過氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)鋯的(de)進程(cheng)。在750℃左右的(de)高溫(wen)中，在鉑電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)的(de)催化(hua)(hua)作用下，在電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)P''O2側發(fa)作復原反(fan)響，一(yi)個(ge)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)從鉑電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)取(qu)得4個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)，變成(cheng)兩個(ge)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)離子(zi)(zi)(zi)(O2-)進入電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)質，即(ji)：O2(P''O2)+4e→2O2-P''O2側鉑電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)因為很(hen)多給出電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)而帶正(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，變成(cheng)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)濃差電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)正(zheng)極(ji)(ji)或陽極(ji)(ji)。

　　這(zhe)些氧(yang)(yang)(yang)離子進入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解質后(hou)，經(jing)過晶體中(zhong)的(de)空穴向(xiang)前運動抵達(da)右側(ce)的(de)鉑(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)，在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)P'O2側(ce)發作氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化反響，氧(yang)(yang)(yang)離子在鉑(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)上(shang)(shang)開釋(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子并結組成(cheng)(cheng)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)分子分出(chu)，即：2O-4e→O2(P'O2)。P'O2側(ce)鉑(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)因為(wei)很(hen)多電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子而帶負電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，變成(cheng)(cheng)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)濃差電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)負極(ji)或(huo)陰極(ji)。這(zhe)么(me)在兩個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)上(shang)(shang)，因為(wei)正(zheng)負電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)的(de)堆積(ji)而構(gou)成(cheng)(cheng)一個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)勢，稱之為(wei)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)濃差電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動勢。當用導線將兩個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)連成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路時，負極(ji)上(shang)(shang)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子就會經(jing)過外電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路流(liu)到正(zheng)極(ji)，再供給氧(yang)(yang)(yang)分子構(gou)成(cheng)(cheng)離子，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路中(zhong)就有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)經(jing)過。

　　其池電勢由能斯特方程給出：

　　E=RT/4F×ln(P''O2/P'O2)式(shi)(shi)中R為(wei)(wei)氣(qi)體(ti)常數(shu)，T為(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)熱力學溫度(K)，F為(wei)(wei)法拉第(di)常數(shu).(1)式(shi)(shi)是(shi)在理想狀態(tai)下導出的(de)，有(you)具(ju)有(you)四個(ge)條件：(1)兩頭的(de)氣(qi)體(ti)均為(wei)(wei)理想氣(qi)體(ti);(2)整個(ge)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)處(chu)于恒(heng)溫恒(heng)壓體(ti)系中;(3)濃差(cha)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)是(shi)可逆的(de);(4)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)中不存在任何附加電(dian)(dian)勢。因而(er)稱(1)式(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)氧(yang)化鋯傳感器的(de)理論方(fang)程。由(1)式(shi)(shi)可見(jian)因為(wei)(wei)參比氣(qi)氧(yang)含量P''O2是(shi)已(yi)知的(de)，因而(er)測得E值(zhi)后便可求得待(dai)測氣(qi)體(ti)氧(yang)含量P'O2值(zhi)。

　　當電池工(gong)作溫度固(gu)定(ding)于700℃時，上式為：

　　E=48.26lg(P''O2/P'O2)

　　由(you)上式，在溫(wen)度700℃時，當固(gu)體電(dian)介(jie)質(zhi)一側氧(yang)(yang)分壓為空氣(20.6%)時，由(you)濃差電(dian)池輸出電(dian)動(dong)勢(shi)E，就(jiu)能夠計(ji)算出固(gu)體電(dian)介(jie)質(zhi)另(ling)一側氧(yang)(yang)分壓，這就(jiu)是氧(yang)(yang)化鋯氧(yang)(yang)量剖(pou)析(xi)儀的測(ce)氧(yang)(yang)原理。